Abstract

A simple and physically meaningful analytical (“mathematical”) predictive model is developed for the evaluation of the sizes of the zones of inelastic deformations, if any, at the ends of a soldered electronics assembly in a packaged IC device. The emphasis is on the IC devices intended for space applications and on the incentive for using column-grid-array (CGA) rather than a ball-grid-array (BGA) technology for lower thermal interfacial stresses. Such devices, when employed outside spacecraft, experience extraordinarily low temperatures, and their solder joint interconnections, when used interchangeably inside and outside the craft, are subjected to significant and variable inelastic strains, possibly leading to low cycle fatigue conditions. Because of that, the useful lifetime of the device might be shorter than required for particular applications. There is an obvious incentive to avoid, if possible, the inelastic deformations in the solder material or, at least, to predict the sizes of the inelastic zones at the peripheral portions of the assembly. The developed model shows how this could be done. Both shearing and peeling interfacial stresses are addressed. The numerical examples are carried out for an IC-package mounted on a ceramic (Al203) substrate using 3%–4%Ag0.51%Cu lead-free solder alloy. In addition, an extreme response of an assembly of the type in question to the random temperature cycling is briefly addressed. It is concluded that several possible and independent ways to avoid or, at least, to minimize the inelastic deformations in the solder material could be employed: the use of high yield stress solder and/or a solder with a low melting temperature and/or a low expansion substrate and/or compliant interfaces, such as, for example, low-modulus-and-compliant CGA design instead of high-modulus-and-stiff BGA, and/or inhomogeneous attachment designs, such as, for example, those, when high-modulus and/or high-soldering-temperature solder is used in the assembly’s major mid-portion, where heat-transfer considerations play the major role, and low-modulus and/or low-melting-temperature solder – at its peripheral portions, where mechanical strength is critical. It is concluded also that because, based on the calculated data, the peeling stresses are typically considerably lower than the shearing ones and are proportional to the shearing stresses, only the latter could be considered and possibly minimized. As to the random loading, whose effect was assessed by considering the extreme elastic shearing stress in an assembly with an extraordinarily high yield stress (so that inelastic deformations in it are impossible), it has been concluded that a probabilistic-design-for-reliability of the solder joint interconnections in IC packages intended for space application should be considered in addition to the deterministic approach taken in this paper, but this analysis is beyond the scope of the present study and will be done as future work. Finally, it is concluded that the analytical ("mathematical") modeling should always be considered, in addition to computer simulations, in every important physical design related undertaking, such as the one addressed in this analysis: these two major modeling tools are based on different assumptions and employ different calculation techniques, and if the calculated data obtained using these tools are in agreement, then there is a good reason to believe that these data are accurate and trustworthy.

Biography

Ephraim Suhir is on the faculty of the Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA and is also CEO of a Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) ERS Co. in Los Altos, CA, USA. He is Foreign Full Member (Academician) of the National Academy of Engineering, Ukraine (he was born in that country); Life Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the Society of Optical Engineers (SPIE), and the International Microelectronics and Packaging Society (IMAPS); Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), the Institute of Physics (IoP), UK, and the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE); and Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). Ephraim has authored about 500 publications (patents, technical papers, book chapters, books), presented numerous keynote and invited talks worldwide, and received many professional awards, including 1996 Bell Laboratories Distinguished Member of Technical Staff Award for developing effective methods for predicting the reliability of complex structures used in AT&T and Lucent Technologies products, and 2004 ASME Worcester Read Warner Medal for outstanding contributions to the permanent literature of engineering and laying the foundation of a new discipline “Structural Analysis of Electronic Systems”. Ephraim is the third “Russian American”, after S. Timoshenko and I. Sikorsky, who received this award. His most recent awards are 2019 IEEE Electronic Packaging Society (EPS) Field award for seminal contributions to mechanical reliability engineering and modeling of electronic and photonic packages and systems and 2019 IMAPS Lifetime Achievement award for making exceptional, visible, and sustained impact on the microelectronics packaging industry and technology.

Abstract

Green chemistry started for the search of benign methods for the development of nanoparticles from nature and their use in the field of antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor applications. Bio wastes are eco-friendly starting materials to produce typical nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, size, and morphology. Cellulose, starch, chitin and chitosan are the most abundant biopolymers around the world.   Cellulose nanoparticles (fibers, crystals and whiskers) can be extracted from agrowaste resources. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, it is a characteristic component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods and nanoparticles of chitin (fibers, whiskers) can be extracted from shrimp and crab shells.  Starch nano particles can be extracted from tapioca and potato wastes. These nanoparticles can be converted into smart and functional biomaterials by functionalization through chemical modifications due to presence of large amount of hydroxyl group on the surface. The preparation of these nanoparticles includes both series of chemical as well as mechanical treatments; crushing, grinding, alkali, bleaching and acid treatments. Since large quantities of bio wastes are produced annually, further utilization of cellulose, starch  and chitins as functionalized materials is very much desired. The cellulose, starch  and chitin nano particles are currently obtained as aqueous suspensions which are used as reinforcing additives for high performance environment-friendly biodegradable polymer materials. These nanocomposites are being used as  biomedical composites for drug/gene delivery, nano scaffolds in tissue engineering and cosmetic orthodontics. The reinforcing effect of these nanoparticles results from the formation of a percolating network based on hydrogen bonding forces. The incorporation of these nano particles in several bio-based polymers have been discussed. The role of nano particle dispersion, distribution, interfacial adhesion and orientation on the properties of the ecofriendly bio nanocomposites have been carefully evaluated.

Biography

Sabu Thomas is currently the Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. He is a Professor at the International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Full Professor of Polymer Science and Engineering at the School of Chemical Sciences of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. His ground-breaking research has covered the areas of polymer science and engineering, polymer nanocomposites, elastomers, polymer blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, polymer membranes, green composites and nanocomposites, nanomedicine and green nanotechnology. Prof. Thomas has received several national and international awards in recognition for his work, and recently received Honoris Causa (DSc) from the University of South Brittany, Lorient, France, in recognition for his contributions to polymer science and engineering. Prof. Thomas has published over 1400 peer- reviewed research papers, reviews and book chapters. He has co-edited more than 183 books. Currently he is having an H index of 127.

Abstract

Steelmaking slags are industrial by-products generated during the production of steel from iron ore and scrap. Although they have seen wide applications in the construction industry, their volume instability and leaching behavior have resulted in only partial utilization of these materials and thus, a large portion of slags are stockpiled annually. On the bright side, steelmaking slags are composed of alkaline oxides, making them promising materials for CO2 sequestration. In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of supercritical carbonation of steelmaking slag are investigated to develop efficient and sustainable carbonation technology. The effect of operating parameters, namely slag particle size, CO2 pressure, temperature, and water to slag ratio on the carbonation efficiency of slag is determined. The mechanism and kinetics of the carbonation reactions are elucidated with a focus on the diffusion barrier, rate-determining step, and reaction pathway.  

Biography

Dr. Jihye Kim is an Assistant Professor of the George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at Colorado School of Mines, CO, USA. Dr. Kim’s research interests lie in the area of extractive metallurgy, carbon capture and sequestration, and waste recycling. Specifically, her main research focuses on 1) the development of metallurgical processes for extraction, separation, and purification of critical materials, 2) the development of mineral carbonation processes for carbon dioxide sequestration using industrial wastes, and 3) the chemical and process modeling of electrolyte systems for sustainable metallurgy. Previously, Dr. Kim was a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at University of Toronto, Canada, where she also received her Ph.D. degree in extractive metallurgy and carbon sequestration in 2021. She received her M.A.Sc. degree in hydrometallurgy and mineral processing from Seoul National University, South Korea in 2016.

Abstract

We report the fabrication by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique of functionalized metallic implants by covering their surface  with apatite-lignin-aloe  vera (Ap/Lig/AV) coatings. The use of natural and renewable products (Lignin and Aloe Vera plant extract) for infections prevention is a green alternative for synthetic currently-used antibiotics, since the concerning phenomenon of primary  and  secondary resistance  to  conventional drugs  became  an alarming  life-threatening circumstance. 

The integrity of the chemical functions and stoichiometry of the unaltered deposited material was demonstrated. When the amount of essential oil is equal to that of organic material, a fine, uniform and relatively homogeneous distribution of the material has been obtained.

All coatings are hydrophilic and revealed enhanced cellular viability when cultured with cancerous Mg 63-cells. The composite structures exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), as well as to Candida albicans fungus. The use of these natural-derived products involves reduced  costs  and represents  an attractive solution for the fabrication of biodegradable thin films with antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory  potential.

 

Biography

Dr.Anita Ioana Visan (Researcher ID: I-7288-2016; ORCID 0000-0003-0539-4160;BrainMapID: U-1700-039K-2913) is a Scientific Researcher III-rd Degree to Laser-Surface-Plasma Interactions (LSPI) Laboratory, Lasers Department; at National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR) – Magurele. She has 14 years’ experience and expertise in: • Nano powders synthesis and characterization; • Thin coatings synthesis by: Pulsed Laser Deposition, Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation, Combinatorial-MAPLE of calcium phosphates, biopolymers, flavonoids, antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, essential oils. • Thin films characterization methods: UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, fluorescence microscopy, electrochemical, wettability, magnetic induction, biodegradation and antimicrobial tests. Her current research interest is related to: • Heat transfer at micro/nano-scale from computation to experiment including, thermophysical properties measurement of nanostructured materials for different applications from thermoelectric to medical ones. She received during these years different honours and awards as:L'Oréal National Scholarship - UNESCO For Women in Science 2020; Category: "Life Sciences”;Best Oral Presentation: A. Visan et al., 5th International Student Conference on Photonics (ISCP’14), September 23-26, 2014, Orastie, Romania.;Best Oral Presentation: A. Visan et al., INERA Workshop, September 4-6, 2014, Varna, Bulgaria and Best Poster Award: A. Visan et al., EMRS 2014 Spring Meeting, Symposium J: Laser interaction with advanced materials: fundamentals and applications, May 26-30, 2014, Lille, France. Dr. Anita Ioana Visan” scientometric indicators could be resumed as: 23 ISI indexed articles (8 as main author), 1 book chapter; receiving until moment a total number of citations: 442 (399 without self-citations), Hirsh index: 13 - according to Web of Science, as well 4 Special Issues as Guest Editor; Project Director of a PN III - Exploratory Research Project (242 575 euro) and key person role in another 9 national research projects and 2 international research grants.

Abstract

Biography

Dr. Berardi is Canada Research Chair in Building Science, Full Professor, and Director of the BeTOP center at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada. His main research interests are related to the study of innovative solutions and new materials for improving the performance within the built environment. In the first years of his career, Dr. Berardi often worked on natural materials for acoustic applications and on sustainable design through natural materials. Recently, he has been focusing on integrating nanotechnologies into building systems. He has mainly focused on organic PCMs, such as paraffin and bio-PCM, and on granular and monolithic aerogel. Dr. Berardi has an extensive publication record, including 150 peer-reviewed journals, 130 international conference papers, and five books. Notable highlights include 4 articles in Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews .

Abstract

Welding and additive manufacturing are widely used in industrial metallic fabrication processes. Used based materials or powders are often subjected during processing to metallurgical transformation mainly due to high temperature and rapid cooling. Final mechanical properties depend to processing parameters, those parameters induce different physical, thermal, and microstructure transformation. In the case of 316L[1], dendrite structure is observed after heat treatment during SLM process. In the case of The AA6061 alloy made by Wire and arc additive manufacturing, it found that additive manufactured part contains iron-rich intermetallic compounds and β-phase[2]. 

In this work, experimental sets, characterization results and numerical modelling as well are presented and discussed. 

Biography

Dr. Abdellah LAAZIZI obtained his Ph.D degree from Nantes University in France (2006). During his Ph.D, He worked on Materials treatment, surface and coatings numerical simulation, and Laser process and heat treatment. Dr. LAAZIZI got his Master's Degree in Physical-chemistry for engineering from University of Metz, France (2002). His Master thesis was on study of Physical and Mechanical properties of BeTe and BeSe by using Ab-Initio numerical method. In 2015, Pr. LAAZIZI was invited as professor in Joining and welding Research Institute (JWRI), Osaka University, Japan. Pr. Laazizi has published many scientifical articles on Materials science and manufacturing process. Especially, in welding, surface treatment, additive manufacturing process, and Thin solid films. and he serves as a reviewer for several journals such as: (optic and Laser, JAMT , ...) and international Conferences. He is Senior at Professor Engineering school at Moulay Ismail University in the field of metallic manufacturing process and Non destructive testings, and lecturer in welding processes, Metallurgy, NDT, and Forming processes (Bending, stamping; punshing extrusion,...). Priore, Mr. LAAZIZI has been working working as lecturer in many Instituts (IUT - Saint-Nazaire; SAIT in Canada).

Abstract

The understanding on possible mechanism involve for the observation of magnetoresistance (MR) behaviour in manganite materials is important for their great potential in the development of spintronic-based devices. The MR effect may have a linked with microstuture modification however such effect  is not well understood therefore La0.8Na0.2MnO3/ x wt% Ag2O  ( x = 0 wt% , 5 wt%) manganites is prepared by solid state method to investigate the  MR behaviour by measuring the temperature dependent of resistivity in the temperature range of 30 K – 300 K under the absence and presence of 0.8 T magnetic field. Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) image showed a formation of  more small grains size indicated modification of microstructure due to Ag2O addition. Resistivity vs temperature curve shown both samples exhibit metallic behavior with x = 5wt% Ag2O added sample exhibit larger resistivity in the whole measured temperature region  as compared to  x = 0 wt% sample. The application of 0.8T magnetic field caused a reduction in resistivity in both samples indicates improvement of spin alignment of charge carriers in presence of magnetic field. Both samples exhibit extrinsic magnetoresistance behaviour indicated by the decreased of MR effect with increase of temperature untill 300 K. with x=  5wt% Ag2O sample exhibit larger MR effect in wide temperature region of 20 K – 240 K.  The observed behavior is suggested due to  the enhancement of spin polarized tunnelling attributed to the increased of grain boundaries effect. On the other hand, both samples exhibit reduction of MR effect above 240 K which might be due to the dominant effect of scattering on charge carriers thus may reduce the conduction process of charge carrier as well as on the mechanism of MR effect. 

Biography

Norazila Binti Ibrahim has completed her PhD in Physics ( Magnetic Materials ) from the Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia in 2015. She has been working as a Senior Lecturer of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia, since 2010-present. Her research disciplines are inlcudes Materials Physics, Solid State Phyics and Materials Science. Currently, she actively doing research related to Magnetoresistance, Electroreristance effect and Microwave Absorption Materials in manganite materials and others properties such as optical properties and dielectric behaviour of magnetic materials prepared by solid state method. She has published more than 35 papers in reputed journals, participated more than 15 conferences locally and internationally and has received more than 15 awards reletad to research activities. For the profesional membership, she is one of the member of Malaysia Board of Technologies and on the member of The Malaysian of Solid State Science and Society. At university level she involves with others group of reseach activity such as a Member of Ultrasonic of Novel Metals and Oxide Research Group and Associate member of Microwave Research Institute (MRI).

Abstract

The flame retardant capacity of some types of high-density polyethylene is limited and in fact one of the main obstacles involved in the use of this type of material is that for electrical applications or applications in which proven performance is required occupy high concentrations of mixtures of elements that promote flame retardancy of the entire matrix of the compound, the common concentrations of retardant elements are above 20w-% or 30w-%, if what is sought is to have LOIs that exceed 17 average to 26 average, being the LOI The LOI values describe a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, in the present investigation the doping of zeolite particles with phosphorous compounds was carried out, seeking the dispersion of these elements in the polymeric matrix in such a way that a lower concentration of the dispersed phase could be occupied but with the same retarding effectiveness, the values obtained from LOI go from 17 to 34 with concentrations of 15w-% of the doped inorganic particles

Biography

Dr. Rafael Aguirre Flores, Applied Chemistry Research Center, Saltillo México. Head of the Design and Additive Manufacturing area Over the past 25 years, he has contributed as the person in charge of 108 industrial development projects, co-authored 26 national patent records, and 9 patent titles, co-authored 11 refereed scientific articles, 3 book chapters, and 13 invitations as a speaker to international conferences and universities. , adviser of more than 60 bachelor's, master's and doctoral theses.

Abstract

Biography

Dr. Kamal Awad is a Research Scientist at the Bone-Muscle Research Center and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington. Dr. Awad holds a PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from UTA in 2021. Heobtained two master’s degrees in Chemistry and Materials Engineering in 2015 and 2017. After his first master’s degree from Egypt, he worked at the National Research Center of Egypt for 3 years. In 2016, he was awarded the Fulbright Scholarship to study Materials Science and Engineering at USA. Dr. Awad’s research focuses on engineering, synthesis, and fabrication of novel biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications, especially in bone and muscle regeneration. Dr. Awad has published over 17 research articles and over 25 published abstract and conference presentations in this area of research.

Abstract

Microscopic structures or devices are made via microfabrication and micro-machining, terms that describe the technologies and processes in the fabrication of miniature structures of micrometer scales and smaller. The size of those structures may range from the width of a human hair down to a single human cell or even smaller. The ability to build devices this small has spurred technological advancements in electronics, computing, semiconductors, green energy technology and several other fields. Today, an increasing number of industries rely on microfabrication and minute machines known as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can be found in many applications, including airbag sensors and smart phones.

Most microfabrication techniques are top-down approaches, meaning that they start with a larger component, such as a silicon wafer, and remove from it until the final structure is created. On the other hand Bottom-up microfabricationis a largely experimental field where smaller entities such as atoms or molecules are used to create a larger structure, system or device. Bottom-up techniques are frequently used in applications intended to mimic biological structures, systems or functions, often referred to as biomimetics or biomimicry to which Biomimetic Microfabrication counts. Biomimetism or biomimicry focus on understanding, learning from and emulating the strategies used by living things, with the intention of creating and improving designs and technologies.

This contribution will elucidate how Biomimetic microfabrication is relevant to the future development of microfabrication especially when it comes to ongoing challenges such as miniaturization as well as parallel manufacturing. Self-assembly and bottom-up approaches play a crucial role in this context.

Biography

Dr. Per A. Löthman obtained his Ph.D. degree from Twente University , The Netherlands in the field of Macroscopic Magnetic Self-assembly and conducted research in Canada, France and Germany on carbon nanotubes, Graphen and related nanomaterials. His research is interdisciplinary and involve BioNanotechnology including DNA, S-layers, Viruses (archaea, bacteriophages), Biomolecular Architecture. Botany and functional surfaces. Dr. Löthman has published over 60 scientifical articles, several book chapters and serves as a reviewer for several journals such as Journal of Bioanalytical and Analytical Chemistry, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Thin Solid Films, Sensors and Actuators, Microsystems Technologies, Biophysical Reviews and Letters, He is Senior Research Scientist at Foviatech GmbH in Hamburg, Germany, a young innovative high-tech company in the field of advanced materials and artificial intelligence, and a lecturer in Nanomedicine, Nanopharmacy and Nanomaterials (Kaiserslautern University) and Mechatronics Systems and Design (Hamburg University), Germany.

Abstract

Selective analyses of pharmaceutical and hazardous materials are one of main important issues in recent years. Many of researchers were suggested different analytical systems to this goal. In between of them, electrochemical sensors showed more advantages due to fast response and portable ability. But selectivity is major problem in fabrication of electrochemical sensors. DNA biosensors were suggested as a powerful analytical tool to electrochemical sensing of pharmaceutical and hazardous materials. This presentation discuss about DNA intercalation between of anticancer drugs at surface of electrochemical sensors and role nanomaterials in this regards.   

Biography

Hassan Karimi-Maleh works as professor in the School of Resource and Environment, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China (UESTC). He is a highly cited researcher selected by clarivate analytics 2018 (cross-filed), 2019 (Agriculture field) and 2020 (cross-filed) and 2021 (Chemistry and Agriculture, two categories in one year) and Top 1% Scientists in Chemistry and Agriculture simultaneously in ISI Essential Science Indicators from 2014 until now. He has published more than 341 SCI research papers with more than 18782 citations and H-index 84 (according to WOS report) and 21420 citations and h-index 92 (according to google scholar). He works as editorial board of more than 20 international journals such as Applied Nanoscience (associated editor Springer IF 3.674), Alexandria Engineering Journal (associated editor ELSEVIER IF 3.732), Journal of nanostructure in Chemistry (associated editor Springer IF 6.391), Scientific Report (associated editor Nature IF 4.379), InfoMat (Editor Wiley IF 25.405), Journal of food measurement and characterization (Editor and guest editor Springer IF 2.431), Food and chemical toxicology (Guest editor Elsevier IF 6.023), Chemosphere (Managing Guest Editor Elsevier IF 7.086) and etc. He also works as adjunct Professor in University of Johannesburg, South Africa and Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran. He work as leader nanobiosensor group in Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam 2019-2020. He publishes one book in Springer publisher and also one chapter book in same publisher. Recently, he published one paper in Science journal. He was plenary speaker many conference such as The 8th International Conference on Water Resource and Environment (WRE 2022), 6th Postgraduate Colloquium for Environmental Research 2022, 7th international conference on agricultural and biological science (abs) (2021) and etc. He worked as leader Nano biosensor group on Duc Thang University, Vietnam in 2019-2020.