Abstract
In this paper a numerical investigation has been accomplished to study the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior of a tubular heat exchanger partially filled with metal foam. The Darcy – Brinkman - Forchheimer model and the local thermal non-equilibrium hypothesis (LTNE) for the thermal energy are used to execute two-dimensional analyses on the aluminum foam heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is studied for several air flow rates and a fixed temperature on the surface tube. The results are shown in terms of heat transfer rate and pumping power. Furthermore, the ratios in terms of heat transfer rate and pumping power are given for the two different configurations (partially and totally filled) in order to find the most convenient scheme. Furthermore, the temperature and pressure fields are evaluated. a comparison among the different thickness of the metal foam between two adjacent tubes and the fully filled configuration is given. The results show that the smaller value of metal foam thickness is characterized by a better performance.
Biography
J.C. Umavathi completed her Post Doctral from the Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Piazza Roma 21, 82100 Benevento, Italy. She is working as Professor in the Department of mathematics, Gulbarga University since 1993. She has published more than 215 research articles in reputed international journals. She is a recipient of Kalpana Chawla Young Scientist award, Sir J.C. Bose award and Erasmus Mundus Fellowship.
Abstract
Nature provides a seemingly endless varieties of sophisticated materials and materials synthesis strategies. Researchers have not been late in taking inspiration from nature when it comes to developing novel materials with exciting properties. Starting from trees and their growth that demonstrate an optimal usage of minimum amount of material and highest strength simultaneously down to viruses, bacteriophages of even DNA molecules nature provides solutions in such diverse fields as computing and car making. Here I concentrate on the virosphere, which I the habitate for viruses on our planet, and demonstrate several examples, foremost archaea viruses as well as bacteriophages. The concept “biomolecular architecture” is in this context a novel way for nanomaterials synthesis in the virosphere that also play an important role for novel materials development. Future perspectives and challenges in this vibrant area are elucidated.
Biography
Dr. Per A. Löthman obtained his Ph.D. degree from Twente University , The Netherlands in the field of Macroscopic Magnetic Self-assembly and conducted research in Canada, France and Germany on carbon nanotubes, Graphen and related nanomaterials. His research is interdisciplinary and involve BioNanotechnology including DNA, S-layers, Viruses (archaea, bacteriophages), Biomolecular Architecture. Botany and functional surfaces. Dr. Löthman has published over 60 scientifical articles, several book chapters and serves as a reviewer for several journals such as Journal of Bioanalytical and Analytical Chemistry, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Thin Solid Films, Sensors and Actuators, Microsystems Technologies, Biophysical Reviews and Letters, He is Senior Research Scientist at Foviatech GmbH in Hamburg, Germany, a young innovative high-tech company in the field of advanced materials and artificial intelligence, and a lecturer in Nanomedicine, Nanopharmacy and Nanomaterials (Kaiserslautern University) and Mechatronics Systems and Design (Hamburg University), Germany.
Abstract
The inverse modelling of percolation measurements of porous materials (mercury porosimetry, porometry or soil water retention) can yield realistic void structuresimulations, providedthat void clusters are taken into account. We have studied porous materials with voids spanning sizes from nanoporous (1nm) to macroporous (100 microns), specifically nuclear reactor graphiteand tight-oil shale. The behavior of pore fluids within the voids depends on the concerted action of all the voids over the entire size range, so that traditional ‘hierarchical’ and ‘dual pore’ models are inappropriate. We present fully integrated void structures in 3D virtual reality for nuclear reactor graphite (Gilsocarbon) and tight-oil shale, represented as infinitely repeating ‘unit cells’, with each unit cell comprising around 44000 void features. Of particular importance, both in Advanced Gas-cooled nuclearReactors (AGRs) and in tight-oil reservoirs undergoing hydraulic fracturing, are the absolute and relative permeabilities respectively. We demonstrate how the application of multiple Navier-Stokes equations across the void networks gives realistic estimates of these permeabilities, which are difficult or impossible to measure in a laboratory. Uniquely, for tight-oil shale, the inverse modeler (PoreXpert) can be used to simulate the effect on relative permeabilities of wettability differences to oil and brine, and changing flow velocities during huff-puff extractions. Many other pore-fluid simulations are possible, such as dynamic wetting, and depth filtration effects occurring during the application of colloidal suspensions. Simulations can also be made of changes to the void structure induced by, for example, weathering and hydraulic fracturing.
Biography
Peter Matthews trained at Oxford University, and was subsequently awarded a college lectureship at St Catherine’s College. He is Emeritus Professor of Applied Physical Chemistry at the University of Plymouth, UK, and a Director and CEO of its spin-out company PoreXpert Ltd. He is also a member of the EDF Energy IndependentGraphite Validation Group advising on active core weight loss, and consequent end-of-life, of the U.K’s fleet of AGR nuclear reactors. During his career at PlymouthUniversity, he attracted £4.5m of research funding, and published 100 research publications and a textbook on Experimental Physical Chemistry (Oxford University Press).
Abstract
The main aim and objective of radioactive waste management are to control, monitor and account for the radioactive waste regularly.It involves safely handling waste-package, storage and disposal process. There are strategic techniques to be followed to manage radioactive waste that may have to undergo certain stages depending on the type of waste. In the case of high level waste (HLW), solidification and conversion into a wasteform is a requirement before storage. Various host materials such as glass, ceramics etc., are considered for solidification. Crystalline structural systems such as sodium zirconium phosphate, langbeinite and apatite have been considered as hosts for immobilization and processing into wasteform. Current approach involves the fabrication of crystalline wasteform based on apatite system .
Rare earths of simulated high level nuclear waste composition were converted into oxyapatite based crystalline ceramics of the formula La3.4Ce0.1Pr0.1Nd0.1Sm0.1Gd0.1Y0.1(SiO4)3O [WF-1] and Ca0.8Sr0.1Pb0.1La3.4Ce0.1Pr0.1Nd0.1Sm0.1Gd0.1Y0.1(SiO4)3O [WF-2]. Crystal chemical substitution was carried out based on the host CaLa4(SiO4). Divalent ion, trivalent rare earth ion and combined ionic substitution in the silicate oxyapatite were carried out to optimize the simulated wasteform composition. The compositions possess 62.51 wt% and 61.04 wt% rare earth ions loading respectively.Thermal and chemical stability of the compositions (WF-1 and WF-2) were studied. The average axial thermal expansion coefficients (aav) of WF-1 and WF-2 were found to be 8.42 x 10‑6 K-1 and 11.72 x 10‑6 K-1(298 – 1073K) respectively. The chemical durability study indicates the leachability of immobilized rare-earth ions in WF-1 and WF-2 was found to be negligible. The observed trend of leaching behaviour in all three systems is Si4+>A2+> RE3+.
Biography
Dr.Buvaneswari Gopal has completed her Ph.D from Indian Institute of Technology- Madras and got Post Doctoral training from University of Florida. Later, she joined the department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India and is currently Professor, Higher Academic Grade (HAG). Her broad research area is inorganic materials in which her research group focuses on catalytic, photocatalytic, pigment materials and materials for waste management. The research findings resulted in the development of novel materials in these fields and the results are published in reputed journals. The research works are aided by the sponsorship from Indian government agencies such as CSIR, DST, DAE-IGCAR, DAE-IGCAR, UGC-DAE-CSR and seed money from the parent institute VIT.
Abstract
In the last years, a constant effort was performed to enhance the osseointegration and bioactivity abilities of the metallic implants, especially stainless steel and titanium alloys, by various methods. The most used way was to coat the surface of the metallic implants by bioactive thin films such as hydroxyapatite or thin film metallic glasses. The phosphates have been commonly used because exhibited extraordinary osseointegration and bioactivity characteristics. Even with these advantages, phosphates proved to have low mechanical strength which limits its use as biomaterial.
The aim of the present paper is to show a solution for improving the mechanical characteristics of phosphates thin films, without losing their bioactive capacities. The coatings were achieved by magnetron sputtering method at varoius conditions. The prepared thin films were characterized by various techniques in order to validate their properties such as bioactive character, mechanical properties, phase composition, adhesion to metallic substrates. The degradation rate was examined in SBF solution at 37°C, which simulate the human body temperature.
This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS - UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1264 (no. PCE95/2021), within PNCDI III”..
Biography
Alina Vladescu has completed her PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from the University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania. She works at National Institute for Optoelectronics, Department for Advanced Surface Processing and Analysis by Vacuum Technologies since 2002. She is also associate professor at University Politehnica of Bucharest since 2015 and research scientist at National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, since 2016. She has published more than 123 papers in reputed journals, 14 patents, 4 books. She was Guest Editor in Frontiers in Materials (2016-2017), Composite Interfaces (2016), Coatings (2019-2021).
Abstract
Polymeric implants in the form of screws, plates and posts are applicable in orthopedic surgery and traumatology, including orthognathic and craniofacial surgery. The utility of these implants is simple: they are used like metal implants, but over time they disintegrate in the body due to hydrolysis. The degradation process can be controlled within the framework of the assigned tasks. The average time varies from 1 to 2 years. Polymeric materials are biocompatible with the cells of the body. Since the decomposition of the polymer takes about 2 years, there is no instant clogging of the organism with the polymer, and the decomposition products are not toxic. One of the important advantages of biodegradable implants is that patients do not have to undergo reoperation after bone healing to remove the implants, as is the case with traditional metal implants. Other benefits of polymer implants include: - Unobstructed measurements using X-ray imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography to monitor healing dynamics. This is a problem with metal implants. - Creation of implants according to the individual anatomical shape of the patient - personalized medicine. - Does not cause bone loss due to the "stress shielding" that occurs with a metal implant. Due to the slow resorption of the polymer, the load is gradually transferred to the bone. - Does not interfere with bone growth (useful for children). - Can be used in conjunction with metal implants, where there is a need for rigid fixation.
Biography
MSc in Polymers for Advanced Technologies, University of Sheffield. Internship in semiconducting polymer synthesis in CNRS, Strasbourg. Internship in LBNL in organic PV fabrication, San Francisco. Internship in biodegradable capsules fabrication, Polymer Centre, Sheffield. Currently Senior Lecturer in KazNU al Farabi and Senior Researcher in the Center for BioEnergy Research R&D centre. Several patents and publications related to biodegradable implants.
Abstract
Corrosion attacks usually resulted in dangerous damages in various industries. Utilizing inhibitors is one of the ways to protect materials against corrosion. However, organic inhibitors have a limation based on the hazardous environmental implication. Thus, there are several investigations to study the effects of various natural and biodegradable compounds on the corrosion reaction of carbon steel in acidic solutions. These compounds include nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and sulfur or other heteroatoms or polar groups in their structures to adsorb on the metal surfaces. Since extracts of leaves, seeds, and roots of plants, fruits, and flowers or expired drugs contained such desirable compounds, researchers were attracted at these materials to use them as green inhibitors. As new studies, the extract of insects such as Oestrus ovis larvae, leech, and Hyalomma tick can be good candidates as bio-inhibitors to enhance the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in acidic solutions. Therefore, details of corrosion mechanisms, adsorption models, the optimum concentration of inhibitor, and thermodynamical parameters would be discussed.
Biography
Mahboobeh Azadi received her BSc and MSc in Materials Engineering from Shiraz University, Iran, in 2007 and 2009. She then received her PhD in corrosion, coating, and surface engineering from Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Iran, in 2014. She as an associate professor, works at the Faculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering at Semnan University, Semnan, Iran, from 2015 until now. Azadi’s research interests include bio-inhibitors, corrosion, multilayer coatings, nanocomposites, mechanical properties of coating, and wear.
Abstract
The modern development of physics and materials science offers new ways of creating structural and functional materials according to the requirements of technology. There are two fundamentally different approaches to the creation of materials with new properties: the first is the creation of materials based on new chemical substances, structures and their combinations; the second is changing the properties of existing materials. The latter approach seems to be the most interesting in relation to metals and their alloys.
The traditional approach to obtaining new properties of metals and alloys is based on the use of expensive alloying elements, or special thermomechanical treatments. The use of alloying elements and heat treatment leads to a significant increase in the cost of the resulting product. Methods of metal forming by pressure, widely used in the metallurgical industry, make it possible to control the physical and mechanical properties of the processed materials within wide limits. However, with an increase in strength, ductility decreases, which makes it very difficult for subsequent metal processing. Therefore, it is more relevant to obtain new properties of metals and alloys using the methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD), which make it possible to obtain materials with high strength and plasticity at the same time. A feature of the SPD methods is the ability to carry out the formation of submicrocrystalline and nanostructures, thanks to the use of shear in combination with high hydrostatic pressure.
The most frequently discussed in the literature are torsion in Bridgman anvils (BA) and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). It is shown that such processing methods provide extensive possibilities for controlling the properties of a material through controlling their structure. However, a significant drawback of the discussed schemes is the impossibility of obtaining large-sized workpieces.
At the same time, there are SPD methods that can solve this problem. These methods include Twist extrusion (TE) and shear rolling (RS). Most of the publications available today are mainly devoted to the processing of pure materials such as copper, aluminum, titanium. The questions of the influence of these schemes on industrial alloys remain poorly studied. This is especially true for low-carbon steels, which are widely used for the manufacture of various products and parts in construction and industry. In particular, of great interest is the question of the influence of TE and RS on their structure to control the physical and mechanical properties of materials. This determines the relevance of the topic of this dissertation work, in which the regularities of the formation of the structure and properties of 20G2S and 08G2S low-carbon steels under severe plastic deformation are established.
Biography
Anatoliy Zavdoveev, Ph.D. has been worked in Donetsk Institute of Physics and Technology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine since 2003. From October 2005 to October 2008, he studied at the graduate school of the Donetsk Physics and Technology Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In 2007 A.V. Zavdoveev was awarded Academician A.A. Galkin scholarship. From November 2008 to November 2014, he worked in the department of high-pressure physics and advanced technologies of the Donetsk Physics and Technology Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Since November 2014 A.V. Zavdoveev works on Researcher position of the department of alloy steels welding, Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine. A.V. Zavdoveev defended his thesis for the positions degree of candidate of technical sciences in 2014. The scientific interests of A. V. Zavdoveyev concern the structural, physical, and operational characteristics of low-carbon steel subjected to various thermal-deformation processing methods. A.V. Zavdoveev successfully works with such techniques as backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fractography, etc. His work shows the effectiveness of rolling with shear on the structure and properties of low carbon steel. In particular, the use of rolling with shear allows creating a special structure, which is inherited during further processing by traditional methods. He has 1 monograph, more than 15 articles in international journals and over 20 abstracts of conferences, actively participates in international conferences, Institute activities, and student training.
Abstract
Growing diamond films by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE CVD) is now an established process technology, but there are still many challenges which are required to be met for successful adaptation of this process in the industry. For example, diamond films are conventionally deposited only on selective carbide forming substrates within a temperature window of 700-1100oC. But depositing films at high temperatures is not an energy friendly process due to the required high microwave power, and in addition, at such high temperatures, many industrial materials, like plastic, melt or start reacting under the aggressive hydrogen-based CVD plasma environment.
This work will focus on the deposition of diamond on the industrially important wide band gap semiconductor gallium nitride (GaN), a key enabling material for high power electronics. Nonetheless, GaN has a very low thermal conductivity, which diminishes its efficiency in dissipating heat away from the power device structures [1]. Therefore, it would be technologically important to integrate diamond, which is known as a material with extreme thermal conductivity, with GaN for an increased and efficient thermal management.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Unfortunately, the use of classical resonant cavity deposition reactors with the high CVD processing temperature, leads to a decomposition of GaN into elemental Ga and nitrogen gas under the hydrogen plasma CVD diamond growth environment.
Here the GaN substrate temperature during deposition is lowered by using innovative linear antenna microwave plasma CVD processing. This technique allows deposition on 12-inch wafers and can be further upscaled for industrial use.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
It was observed that a substrate temperature of around 400 oC could be achieved under a full input MW power of 3 kW, enabling high quality diamond deposition with Raman signal ratio of sp3 diamond to sp2 graphitic content as high as (Id/Ig) 93% [2]. An important finding is the non-linear heating pattern of the substrate by the plasma. While microwave plasma heating was rapid (~12oC/min) at the beginning of the CVD process, once the temperature crosses ~ 300 oC, the heating rate becomes very slow (~ 1.5 oC/min). Substrate temperatures beyond 400 oC, could also be reached by employing an additional heater, and further diamond growth was thereby promoted on GaN/Sapphire substrates, leading to a well-facetted nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) film morphology. A lower substrate temperature of 300 oC, reached by increasing the substrate to antenna distance from 3 to 14 cm, while keeping all other parameters the same (power, precursor recipe), was found to deposit films with a cauliflower-like morphology and thus inferior quality as evidenced by the higher FWHM of 35 cm-1. Other than regular continuous wave input microwave power inside the linear antenna reactor for diamond growth, a pulse mode MW power input was tried. The successive evaluation of Raman spectra from different NCD on GaN films revealed that the Raman signal for sp3 diamond peak is the most intense one, when pulse mode microwave frequency of 20 kHz at 45% duty cycle was used while keeping the substrate temperature around 320oC. The resistivity of the bare GaN/Sapphire substrate was measured to be 22.2 ohm-cm by Hall four-point probe method. Whereas, NCD coated GaN/sapphire had a higher resistivity of 460 ohm-cm.
Figure: Raman spectra of nanodiamond-on-GaN films.
CONCLUSION
Linear antenna CVD could successfully deposit nanodiamond films on GaN substrates however by changing the electrical conductivity values significantly.
Biography
Abstract
With the advancement of technology, our daily life has become dependent on many electro-mechanical devices, ranging from smartwatches to airplanes. Those devices are designed with materials that can fulfill the functional requirements and provide a reasonable service life. Scientists and engineers are always up to reduce the chances of early failure and improve reliability. The failure in a solid is governed by the mechanistic events occurring at the nanoscale. Capturing those events is difficult, given that the time and length scale is much lower than what our current techniques can fathom. In this talk, I would like to present an analysis of fracture in ceramic from the atomic scale. At this length scale, the local movement of atoms dictates the stress field and drives crack initiation and propagation. The orientation of atoms is proven to have a significant effect on the crack path as too fracture toughness of the material. Our project focuses on improving the toughness of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and its composites, which is a well-known material for high-temperature applications.
Biography
Fazle Elahi is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Material Science and Engineering Department at the University of Delaware. He earned his B.S in Mechanical Engineering from Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh. After graduation, he worked as a Lecturer in the same institution for 3 years. He completed his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Delaware. His Ph.D. research was focused on the analysis of fracture in high-temperature ceramics. Along with many other awards, he was designated as the Distinguished Doctoral Fellow of the University of Delaware in 2019. His current research interests focus on the predictive and experimental investigation of failure modes in metals and semiconductors.
Abstract
The United States (U.S.) manufacturing sector is an essential component of a viable and sustainable U.S. Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) accounting. The global manufacturing industry is estimated to have twelve point two (12.2) trillion United States Dollars (U.S.D.) of Gross Merchandise Value (G.M.V.), annual commerce, in 2019, according to Clement (2020).Historically, traditional manufacturing tools and techniques have been the “Bread and Butter'' of the manufacturing industry. The novel Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) global pandemic of the year 2020 has truly tested both the manufacturing and supply chain sectors. Seventy-five percent (75%) of supply chain executives stated the COVID-19 pandemic had disrupted their supply chains, of which nearly half of the executives surveyed had no such associated contingency plans, according to Forbes Technology Counsel & Shanker (2020). The U.S. manufacturing sector has an alarming need for independence from the global supply chain as the COVID-19 pandemic continues into the foreseeable future. In 2015 three-dimensional (3D) printing utilization in manufacturing was identified as a “Revolution” in manufacturing by Harvard Business Review, according to D’Aventi (2015). Traditional three-dimensional printing (3D printing) manufacturing, alternatively called “Additive Manufacturing,” is notorious for the following: slow speed, low output, being expensive, geometric design restrictions, scaling, and structural defects, according to Forbes Technology Counsel & Shanker (2020). The global climate warming crisis is undeniably at the precipice of no return. The clean energy and renewable energy sectors require a revolution of affordable and effective manufacturing technologies in order to sustainably compete in the market, according to Chung (2016). “The Future Of US Solar Is Bright,” and currently employs two hundred and forty-two thousand (242,000) employees in the U.S. (Rhodes, 2020). Moreover, the global solar market is estimated to reach two hundred, twenty-three point three billion U.S.D. ($223.3 Billion U.S.D.) by 2026, according to Allied Market Research (2019). Herein, we define, describe, and offer a novel extension of 3D printing manufacturing, Layer-Less Subzero Volumetric Manufacturing where we form glass as a polymer at subzero temperatures, made for space but so desperately needed on Earth. We intend to initially focus on Hyper-Local Manufacturing of ultra thin 50um recycled solar glass/ceramic solar substrates for solar and later on the technology can be used to scale manufacturing of thicker silicon anodes. Our goal is to competitively mass produce unique solar components, which would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, for our rival market competitors to reproduce, copy, and/or mimic. Our collaborating team of more than ten members and greater than one-hundred (100) years of experience are Subject Matter Experts (S.M.E.’s) in the Volumetric 3D Printing field with expertise in the following areas: advanced semiconductor, microchip fabrication, material science, and manufacturing. Our collaborative team has a wide variety of skill sets and education. A merged resume file for our collaborative team is available upon request. Mr. Clark (herein, T3DP C.E.O. & President) is the sole patent owner of the Subzero manufacturing Technology which has yet to be patented. Clark holds multiple granted patents in Volumetric 3D Printing. Ultimately, the global manufacturing sector is distressed, and the solar energy sector is expanding for the foreseeable future. Both sectors are in the need of “Revolutionary” technology that is cost effective. We feel our Subzero Volumetric Based Manufacturing proposal herein directly addresses both issues. Moreover, we think and feel this technology and this proposal is more likely to succeed, rather than to fail, and thus ask for your resources and financial support
Biography
Abstract
Three Dimensional (3D) porous carbon materials are highly desirable for electrochemical applications owing to their high surface area and porosity. 3D architecture and porosity of the carbon support materials allow the reactant molecules to access more numbers of electrochemical active centres and simultaneously facilitate removal of the product formed during the electrochemical reactions. Herein, we have prepared nitrogen-doped entangled graphene framework (NEGF), decorated with the NiFe-LDH nanostructures by in-situ solvothermal method followed by freeze-drying at high pressure and low-temperature conditions. The freeze-drying method helped to prevent the restacking of the graphene sheets, and the formation of high surface area nitrogen-doped entangled graphene (NEGF) supported NiFeLDH. The incorporation of NEGF has significantly reduced the overpotential for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH solution. This corresponds to an overpotential reduction from 340 mV for NiFe-LDH to 290 mV for NiFe-LDH/NEGF to reach the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2 . The preparation of the catalyst is conceived through a low-temperature scalable process.
Biography
Narugopal Manna is a Doctoral Fellow at the CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory. He has done M.Sc from Calcutta University. After that, he joined NCL in 2016. His main research lines include the synthesis and characterization of low-cost nanomaterials for electrochemical energy applications. Throughout his scientific career, he has participated in national and international conferences. Additionally, he published three articles on electrocatalysts development and energy applications.
Abstract
The cement sector generates 7% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS) is one of the most promising technologies to decarbonise the cement manufacturing process, however it requires specific in-dept environmental and economical analysis to explore different pathways for its implementation in distinct contexts. Considering that the Portuguese National Low Carbon Roadmap 2050 identified the adoption of CCUS in this industry as policy for abating GHG emissions, this paper is focused in defining criteria to assess the decarbonisation potential and economics to retrofit Portuguese cement plants with CCUS. Three different areas where the cement plants are located were considered: the industrial axis between Lisbon and Setúbal (A), the northern part of the region (B) and the central area near Marinha Grande (C). Additionally, three carbon capture technologies were compared: precombustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxyfuel. Pre-combustion and “location C” were excluded since the first does not capture the CO2 emitted during the clinker burning process and the latter presents the lowest CO2 avoided potential for the cement industry. The oxyfuel technology was recommended for both locations A and B as the post-combustion option presents a negative NPV while the first presents a positive NPV. Furthermore, the IRR of the oxyfuel method is higher than in the post-combustion and the payback time is lower. Finally, the results obtained indicate that the implementation of an oxyfuel carbon capture plant can provide a higher economic benefit than the scenario without CCUS in both locations due to its higher NPV.
Biography
Melissa Bacatelo has completed her MSc in Materials Engineering at Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal) and participated in the Erasmus program at Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden). Her thesis had a 19/20 score at IN+/IST. Melissa worked as a R&D Engineer at MCG to develop innovative products for the railway industry, and she is currently a researcher at c5Lab to decarbonise the cement sector through state-of-the-art technologies such as Carbon Capture Utilisation and Sequestration (CCUS) and green hydrogen. Simultaneously, Melissa is a PhD student in the Sustainable Energy Systems course under the MIT Portugal Program.
Abstract
Metals and many alloy systems have different phases at different temperatures and these phases are described in phase diagrams as alloy composition-temperature, or composition-pressure dependent. Shape memory alloys are also at different phases at the different conditions, phase transformation occur between these phases by thermal and mechanical treatments. These alloys exhibit a peculiar property called shape memory effect in β-phase region. β-phases of these alloys are very sensitive to external conditions, and phase structures turn into other crystal structures by lowering temperature and stressing material, by means of crystallographic transformation, thermal and stress induced martensitic transformations. Lattice vibrations (phonons), atomic bonds and interatomic interactions play an important role in the processing of transformation. These interactions are described by pair-wise potential function between all of the atom pairs, and embedded atom electron cloud potential functions. Thermal induced martensitic transformation occurs in atomic scale in the material on cooling from parent phase region, and interatomic interactions govern this transition. Shape memory is characterized by the recoverability of two certain shapes of material at different temperatures. These alloys possess two unique abilities: the capacity to recover large strains and to generate internal forces during their activation. The basis of this phenomenon is the stimulus-induced phase transformations, martensitic transitions, which govern the remarkable changes in internal crystalline structure and properties of the materials. Thermal induced martensitic transformations are first order lattice-distorting phase transformation and occurs in the material on cooling from parent β-phase region.
This transformation occurs as martensite variants with cooperative movements of atoms by means of lattice invariant shear in <110 > -type directions on the {110} - type planes of austenite matrix, and ordered parent phase structures turn into twinned martensite structures. The twinned structures turn into detwinned martensite structures by means of stress induced transformation by stressing the material in the martensitic condition. These alloys exhibit another property called superelasticity, which is performed in only mechanical manner by stressing material in parent phase region just over austenite finish temperature, and recover the original shape on releasing the external stress. Superelasticity is also result of martensitic transformation and ordered parent phase of the alloy turns into the detwinned martensitic structure by means of stress-induced martensitic transformations by sressing.
Copper based alloys exhibit this property in metastable β-phase region. Lattice invariant shear and twinning is not uniform in these alloys, and gives rise to the formation of layered structures, like 3R, 9R or 18R depending on the stacking sequences on the close-packed planes of the ordered lattice.
In the present contribution, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were carried out on two copper based CuZnAl and CuAlMn alloys. X-ray diffractograms and electron diffraction patterns exhibit super lattice reflection.X-ray diffractograms taken in a long-time interval show that locations and intensities of diffraction peaks change with the aging time at room temperature, and this result refers to the rearrangement of atoms in diffusive manner.
Keywords: Shape memory effect, martensitic transformation, superelasticity, twinning, detwinning, and lattice invariant shear.
Biography
Dr Adiguzel graduated from Department of Physics, Ankara University, Turkey in 1974 and received PhD- degree from Dicle University, Diyarbakir-Turkey. He has studied at Surrey University, Guildford, UK, as a post doctoral research scientist in 1986-1987, and studied on shape memory alloys. He worked as research assistant, 1975-80, at Dicle University and shifted to Firat University, Elazig, Turkey in 1980. He became professor in 1996, and he has been retired due to the age limit of 67; following academic life of 45 years. He published over 80 papers in international and national journals; He joined over 100 conferences and symposia in international and national level as participant, invited speaker or keynote speaker with contributions of oral or poster. He served the program chair or conference chair/co-chair in some of these activities. In particular, he joined in last seven years (2014 - 2020) over 80 conferences as Keynote Speaker and Conference Co-Chair organized by different companies. He supervised 5 PhD- theses and 3 M.Sc- theses. Dr. Adiguzel served his directorate of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Firat University, in 1999-2004. He received a certificate awarded to him and his experimental group in recognition of significant contribution of 2 patterns to the Powder Diffraction File – Release 2000. The ICDD (International Centre for Diffraction Data) also appreciates cooperation of his group and interest in Powder Diffraction File.
Abstract
In recent years, the applications of biomedical materials have gained interest and been broadly studied. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), is one of the applications with the greatest potential. In this study, a system consisting of GelMA film and special particles which can be aligned by applying an electric field is developed. The alignment of the particles can alter the curvature of the surface of the GelMA film. It is expected that this provides mechanical stimulus to the cell attached on the surface, leading to different cell differentiation results. In order to reveal the relationship between the alignment of the particles and the resulting curvature, a user-defined element subroutine in the commercial finite element software package ABAQUS is developed. 16 different patterns of particles were simulated. The optimal design which gave the waviest wrinkles with intermediate strain was chosen to be realized and examined in the experiment. The swelling deformations generated in the experiment and numerical model had very good agreement. The results are expected to provide design guidance to the novel tissue engineering system, which is beneficial to the field of organ and tissue regeneration.
Biography
Tzu-han Ma has completed her BSc and MSc from the Materials Science and Engineering Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Taiwan. She had worked as a Graduate Researcher of Smart Material and Computational Mechanic laboratory, NYCU, from 2018 to 2020. Her MSc research focused on simulating the special biomechanical models by finite element method within the bio-inspired material innovation project, funded by the Taiwanese Ministry of Science and Technology. Alongside the project, she has published the article about the deformation prediction of hydrogel further applied in manipulating stem cell differentiation in an international journal.
Abstract
Novel two-dimensional (2D) water channels framed by stacked graphene oxide (GO) sheets that are 'non-leachable' and non-swellable' can show incredible potential for water remediation. The interlayer separating controls the solute or particle sieving and assumes a pivotal part in water transport in GO based layers. In this, the sub nanochannels contiguous the sheets are adjusted by one or the other ionic or covalent crosslinking utilizing magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and GO quantum dabs (GQDs) (named as GOM and G-GQD) separately. In fluid arrangement, these cross-linkers keep the GO sheets from enlarging and correctly controls the interlayer separating needed for un-obstructed water saturation. These limited GO sheets worked with in particular colour dismissal, critical improvement in salt dismissal of divalent particle by forward assimilation and were seen to be resistive towards bio-fouling and bacterial development. The crosslinked GO layers were adequately vigorous to withstand solid cross stream speed and supported un-blocked water transport through the nano-channels. Among the layers, the GQD crosslinked layers (G-GQD) showed better antifouling attributes, colour partition execution more than 95-97% for different colours, divalent particle dismissal by 97% and no cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells than other GO layers. Our discoveries on interlocking the spaces of nanoslits of GO design by little ecoaccommodating atoms depict these materials as expected contender for water detachment applications.
Biography
Abstract
Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) methods are well established and have a long history in the research and development of semiconductor devices. As all of you probably know very well, IBA methods are usually employed in the research stage, where novel materials are investigated for their potential use in various device components. One good example is the development of highdielectric constant gate dielectrics in transistors, where the traditional silicon dioxide dielectric has to be replaced so that the transistor dimensions are continuously downscaled. Apart from this, there are a host of other applications of IBA in this field: ultra-shallow junctions, sourcedrain stressors, transparent electrodes in solar cell research, delta-doped layers for LEDs, ZnO, ternary oxides and waveguides for optoelectronics and photonics, the applications are almost endless. Recently, silicon photonics have gathered great interest as a key technology in next-generation high-speed optical interconnects that may replace the traditional back-end Cu interconnects. Some components include light sources, optical modulators, photodetectors and waveguides. One key advantage of Si photonics is that it may use conventional silicon integrated circuit infrastructure, which then brings down the cost of development and implementation.
Biography
Ganesh Ji Omar is a Physicist and Material scientist with over 5 years of experience engaged with oxide electronic and magnetic devices. He has been working with pulsed laser deposition systems extensively and characterization in various testing equipment to investigate material’s multifunctionalities. He has been designing and developing spintronics devices with the motivation to solve the pressing problem of high energy consumption in CMOS technology. He has completed his Ph.D. doctorate research degree in the Department of Physics from the National University of Singapore with NUS Research Fellowship. His Ph.D. work aims to explore oxide interfaces or heterostructures that can exhibit a strong spin-orbit effect and triggers fascinating quantum phenomenon. He has completed his bachelor's and master's degrees from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal with INSPIRE Fellowship. He has also worked as visiting researcher for short time in various universities such as (i) École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada, (ii) Institut d’Etudes Scientifiques de Cargèse, France, (iii) Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. He has received several academic awards, including the Ph.D. best thesis Gold Medal (2021), Best Graduate Researcher Award (2020), IEEE Gold Medalist in magnetic symposium (2020) and Global Young Scientist Award (2020). He is Mitacs Globalink Fellow. He has cleared and qualified various competitive exams namely, IIT-JEE, CSIR JRF, JEST and GATE.
Abstract
Diabetes has become one of the major severe health problems across the world. Till date, there is no proper ways to prevent the disease completely. Indeed, it can be thoroughly reduced by proper medicines and medications. Electrochemical supercapacitor fabricated using nanostructures play crucial role in overcoming the demand of energy consumption and its storage. Metal oxides have attracted tremendous attention amongst the researcher community to explore the full potential of the material in the field of energy storage devices and sensors. The most effective strategy for tuning the properties of functional metal oxides is hybridization and defect engineering. This process has been widely accepted to harmonize the physicochemical characteristics in the field of catalysis, energy storage, and sensors. This work reports a highly sensitive and selective nonenzymatic detection of glucose that has been achieved by hybridization of 1Dα-MnO2 nanorods modified with surface decoration of Co3O4 nanoparticles. The rational design and controlled synthesis of the hybrid nanostructures are of great importance in enabling the fine tuning of their properties and functions. we have also successfully proclaimed the importance of defect prone nanostructure on to the electrode surface for the promising glucose sensing application and supercpacitors. Oxygen deficient W18O49 with multiple valences W6+ and W5+ have been investigated as an efficient electrocatalyst for the bosensors and supercpacitor. The experimental results revealed that surface oxygen vacancy enhances the adsorption and reaction site for electrolyte ions indicating the good electrochemical activity of the W18O49 nanostructure materials. These findings will have a profound effect on understanding and mechanism of the surface induced vacancy to the process of electrochemical activity in terms of energy storage and glucose sensing.
Biography
Dr. Lichchhavi has completed her PhD in January 2021 from Indian Institute of Technology Indore and pursued postdoctoral studies from Indian institute of Technology Hyderabad. Now she has joined Indian institute of Technology Kanpur as an institute post doc fellow (IPDF). She has worked on the electrochemical applications of transition metal oxide nanomaterials. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed high impact factor international journals.
Abstract
In stereolithographic additive manufacturing (STL-AM), 2-D cross sections were created through photo polymerization by UV laser drawing on spread resin paste including nanoparticles, and 3-D models were sterically printed by layer lamination. The lithography system has been developed to obtain bulky ceramic components with functional geometries. An automatic collimeter was newly equipped with the laser scanner to adjust beam diameter. Fine or coarse beams could realize high resolution or wide area drawings, respectively. As the row material of the 3-D printing, nanometer sized metal and ceramic particles were dispersed into acrylic liquid resins at about 60 % in volume fraction. These materials were mixed and deformed to obtained thixotropic slurry. The resin paste was spread on a glass substrate at 50 μm in layer thickness by a mechanically moved knife edge. An ultraviolet laser beam of 355 nm in wavelength was adjusted at 50 μm in variable diameter and scanned on the spread resin surface. Irradiation power was changed automatically for enough solidification depth for layer bonding. The composite precursors including nanoparticles were dewaxed and sintered in the air atmosphere. In recent investigations, ultraviolet laser lithographic additive manufacturing (UVL-AM) was newly developed as a direct forming process of fine metal or ceramic components. As an additive manufacturing technique, 2-D cross sections were created through dewaxing and sintering by UV laser drawing, and 3-D components were sterically printed by layer laminations with interlayer joining. Though the computer aided smart manufacturing, design and evaluation (Smart MADE), practical materials components were fabricated to modulate energy and material transfers in potential fields between human societies and natural environments as active contributions to Sustainable Development to Goals (SDGs).
Biography
Soshu Kirihara is a doctor of engineering and a professor of Joining and Welding Research Institute (JWRI), Osaka University, Japan. In his main investigation “Materials Tectonics” for environmental improvements of “Geotechnology”, multi-dimensional structures were successfully fabricated to modulate energy and materials flows effectively. Ceramic and metal components were fabricated directly by smart additive manufacturing, design and evaluation (Smart MADE) using high power ultraviolet laser lithography. Original stereolithography systems were developed, and new start-up company “SK-Fine” was established through academic-industrial collaboration.
Abstract
Grain refinement studies on Aluminium, silicon and magnesium alloys have attracted considerable attention in the last five decades. The properties of aluminium alloy castings predominately depend on the grain structure formation that takes place inside the material during solidification process. In the present investigation, a device has been designed and developed, which will induce high frequency ultrasonic vibrations to the molten metal during solidification process inside mold. In this study, frequencies varied were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kHz. Amplitude of vibration kept constant (15volts) .From the studies it is seen that the size of the grains has been reduced (from coarse to fine grains) equiaxed grains are seen. Hardness value has also increased considerably by subjecting the metal to grain refinement Wear resistance properties of LM25 alloy in dry sliding conditions has considerably improved. Wear studies in the dry sliding conditions has been carried out in detail. Wear studies has been carried out using standard pin on disc machine English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [for different speeds. The study indicate that there is a considerable improvement in the wear resistant of the alloy subjected to grain refinement.
Keywords— Aluminium, casting,ultrasonic vibrations,grain refinement,dry sliding.
Biography
Rajkumar Wagmare has completed his M Tech from the Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru, India. and PhD studies from the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology Pune, Maharastra,India. He has been working as a Senior Research Fellow at R&DE(E),DRDO, Pune,Maharastra in India since 2017. He has published more than 6 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract
During the last century, the interest for using new ecofriendly raw materials coming from renewable resources has arosen in most of the industrial sectors, which have opted for the replacement of petroleum-based products in order to accomplish the Green Chemistry Principles. In this sense, a great achivement has been obtained in the past with the use of vegetable oils containing hydroxyl groups in its chemical structure to synthetize lubricating formulations after dispersing a thickening material, which show competitive characteristics to traditional products. However, some of their properties, like viscosity index or thermal resistance, showed certain limitations, being neccesary to apply chemical modifications to improve them. In this sense, different alternatives with enhanced properties to vegetable oils need to be found, in which natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) seem to be an attractive option to be explored. They are supramolecules at room temperature formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between molten salts and liquids, which show remarkable and tunable propierties like viscosity or thermal stability. Moreover, their low cost, non-toxicity and biodegradable character, together with the numerous availability of hydroxyl groups forming their molecular structure, make them a promising opportunity for multiple applications. With that in mind, this work is intended to be an important advance in the lubricant field, opting for the production of diferent NADES formulations as matrix base for the dispersion of chemically modified lignocellulosic materials, and leading to new bio-based thickening formulations which are expected to exhibit suitable properties compared with their traditional counterparts.
Biography
Cortes-Triviño has completed her PhD at the University of Huelva in 2019 obtaining an international recognition and Cum Laude Mention. Her work, framed in the bio-lubricating greases field, was awarded for the best 2019 Doctoral Thesis of the University of Huelva, and received an honourable mention at the IBEREO 2019. She is a member of The Complex Fluid Engineering Research Group and Pro2Tecs Centre affiliated to the University of Huelva, as well as The Spanish Rheology Group belonging to RSEQ. She has been working on the development of different polymer-based biodegradable products with applications on lubricants and bioplastic fields and publishing several scientific articles in high reputed international journals. She is currently working at the University of Huelva within an international project for the P&G Company.
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have emerged as invaluable materials with potential application in different areas of the medical field. In addition to this, due to the well-known superior properties of hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL), including its reduced cost, toxicity and biodegradation rate, along with its reasonable mechanical stability and permeability to chemicals, its implementation as drug delivery materials has been widely investigated. In this study the modification of PCL with amphiphilic Pluronic materials has been addressed through extrusion and compression molding processing. The structural organization and crystallization of the resulting binary blends have been assessed by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. According to the results, incoporation of Pluronic entailed a noticeable impact on the appearance of crystalline, mesophase and amorphous domains of neat PCL during the crystallization process. Furthermore, melting transition and XRD profiles are adequately deconvoluted to assess the individual contribution of the likely different crystal morphologies of the blends studied.
Biography
Since the completion of his PhD in the Department of Chemical Engineering, from the University of Huelva, Spain, Adrian Tenorio-Alfonso has been working on biopolymers and biopolyurethanes with different applications (adhesives, lubricating greases, drug delivery materials,…), as well as on the production of phase change materials based on graphene and carbon nanotubes. He has published several research articles in reputed international journals, and is currently working in the Pro2TecS research centre, affiliated to the University of Huelva.
Abstract
A carbon fiber demonstrator was built to present technology to local business and technical leaders in Western Canada for weight & cost reduction of structural components of ground vehicles. The purpose is to 1) Introduce carbon fibre design, manufacturing, maintenance to interested product developers and manufacturers who have little to no experience working with carbon fibre composites; 2) Transfer the latest carbon fibre technology developments to industry and facilitate the adoption of those technologies; 3) Demonstrate the advantages of carbon fibre composites such as weight, functionality and costeffectiveness to industry. With increasingly stringent requirements for reducing CO2 emission and growing market share of Evehicles, the major OEMs of ground vehicles are aggressively turning into new material technologies such as high strength steel, light weight composite as well as carbon fibers to reduce vehicle’s structural weight in order to increase the mileage per gallon or per charge. But technical gap exists in lacking the knowledge of the new materials, design procedure and manufacturing process. This technical demonstrator aims to close the gap through demonstrating material selection and design, structural design and low cost manufacturing to those concerning industries. A XNG door that was previously made of fibreglass was chosen to demonstrate the application of carbon fiber technology. A Recycled carbon fiber mat from SGL was selected to balance the cost and performance requirement for strength and stiffness and remove an additional metallic supporting beam on the original door. Robust structural analyse were performed during the design process for validation of material selection and structural performance. Vacuum bag resin infusion was employed for the low cost manufacturing. The technology demonstrator that is measured over 120 inches long was successfully made on the shop floor of an industrial partner. The carbon fiber part is lighter than its fibreglass counterpart and owns much appealing finish. Carbon fiber cloth alternatives were also compared with the recycled fiber mat in the difference of cost and weight during the design process.
Biography
Abstract
Year after year, the damages caused by global warming have been increasing, as there is a pressing need to reduce greenhouse gases, which cause CO2, so efforts have been made in several disciplines to not only reduce emissions, but convert them into a source of energy such as hydrocarbons (HC) to alcohols and acids[1], trying to valorize the use of CO2. So electrocatalysis is seen as an excellent option to achieve this goal. Electrocatalysts are organic or inorganic molecules dissolved in electrolytes with unique active centers that interact with CO2 molecules. Transition materials are commonly used, such as Platinum, which increased their cost considerably, and therefore work has been carried out that allows not only the reduction of these costs as the increase in efficiency. One of these efforts has focused on synthesizing nanoparticles capable of replacing the expensive platinum and supports that in addition to increasing the active surface of the catalyst stabilize said nanoparticles in order to reduce CO2 to significant amounts of hydrocarbons such as methanol and methane under pressure and room temperature. The present work uses agricultural waste for the synthesis of coals, which will be used as supports in an electrocatalyst, with the intention of reducing the effects of the synthesis of the supports in the environment, in addition to without sacrificing efficiency and using economic precursors and low impact that represent an alternative to harmful solvents, which are used in some traditional synthesis methods. The resulting coals were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, electron scanning microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface area and adsorption isotherms as well as electrochemically
Biography
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