Abstract
Rapid 3D printing on space/air/sea missions, where either gravitational force is missing or severe random disturbance may present continuously, is highly in demand. However, till today, there is no reliable technique for such working environments. The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for rapid 3D printing in solid state of polymeric materials for any environment, including those harsh environments.
The basic concept is to cross-link by either UV-light or photo-induced-heat of polymeric materials in the solid state for rapid 3D printing. The uncross-linked parts can be removed by heating or cooling for melting, or washing away by solvent. Finally, the shape memory effect (SME) of the cross-linked polymers is applied to ensure high accuracy of the printed items.
We have successfully demonstrated this concept using a thermal gel. And we have checked the feasibility of heat-induced cross-linking of a vitrimer polyurethane.
Keyword: Rapid 3D printing; solid state; cross-linking; thermal gel; vitrimer
Biography
Prof. Wei Min Huang is currently an Associate Professor (tenured) at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. With over 20 years of experience on various shape memory materials (alloy, polymer, composite and hybrid), he has published over 190 papers in journals, such as Accounts of Chemical Research, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, and Materials Today, and has been invited to review manuscripts from over 280 international journals (including Progress in Polymer Science, Nature Communications, Advanced Materials, and Advanced Functional Materials, etc), project proposals from American Chemical Society, Hong Kong Research Grants Council, etc, and book proposals from Springer, Elsevier and CRC. He has published two books (Thin film shape memory alloys – fundamentals and device applications, Polyurethane shape memory polymers) and is currently on the editorial board of over three dozen of journals.
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing is still a young technology used to introduce material functionalities into components in an additive manufacturing (AM) process. The use of shape memory polymers such as thermoplastic polyurethanes or polylactic acid enables the production of thermoresponsive objects by implementing internal stresses in course of AM. The associated gain in functionality offers several advantages. By setting property profiles in the preceding synthesis process and by selecting appropriate print settings, a high degree of control over thermoresponsiveness can be achieved. In addition, a time- and energy-consuming thermomechanical treatment, which is often required for shape memory polymers, is no longer necessary; the thermoresponsive objects can be taken directly from the printer. Ideally, the 4Dprinted objects then also follow a lightweight design. Here we report on the design development of thermoresponsive objects, which we produced by fused filament fabrication. The functional devices offer excellent opportunities for carrying out assembly processes, while later a material-inherent programmable stiffness can be used for their disassembly, e.g. at the end of use or end of life. In perspective, the reuse of materials in 4D printing or other polymer processing techniques can further enhance their sustainability and thus initiate important steps toward a circular economy for functional materials with comparable property profiles. Against this background, recent work by the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Programmable Materials CPM (project 630507) highlights opportunities and challenges of 4D printing and identifies possibilities for its use in areas such as healthcare.
Biography
Dr. Thorsten Pretsch has received his doctorate in Chemistry from the Free University of Berlin in 2004 and has been conducting research for more than 14 years in the field of shape memory polymers. Currently, he is deputy scientific coordinator at Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Programmable Materials CPM and responsible at Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP for the division Synthesis and Polymer Technology and the working group Shape Memory Polymers. He has published about 30 research articles in SCI(E) journals and is involved as inventor in 25 patent applications
Abstract
Direct Digital manufacturing is a family of technologies which enable a product with a digital definition to be fabricated directly without the use of complex tooling and moulds. This enables the mass personalisation of products as the design can be fixed immediately prior to fabrication with clear application in the field of medical devices. However, much of the developments of direct digital manufacturing focuses on simply specifying the shape of the product and this limited scope throws away many of the particular advantages of direct digital manufacturing. This presentation is focused on remedying this situation so that the digital specification of the fabricated product includes properties as well as the form of the product. We use in-situ time-resolving small-angle x-ray scattering measurements performed at the ALBA synchrotron light source in Barcelona to evaluate the control that can be exerted on the morphology of a semi-crystalline polymer during extruder based 3d printing. We use this as a methodology of printing patterns of morphology of the polymer to realise patterns of properties of the polymeric material, specifically the modulus of the polymer. We give examples of test pieces and products produced in this manner which contain spatial variation of the properties and we discuss the resultant properties. We highlight the possibilities of developing this technology to produce practical products
Biography
Prof. Geoffrey Mitchell is Professor and Vice-Director of the Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development at the Polytechnic Institute Leiria in Portugal. He is passionate about the opportunities provided by direct digital manufacturing. Geoffrey Mitchell carried out his doctoral work at the University of Cambridge in the UK and subsequently held post-doctoral fellowships at Cambridge and at Hokkaido University in Japan. Prior to his current position he was Professor of Polymer Physics at the University of Reading, UK and the founding Director of the Centre for Advanced Microscopy at Reading. His research work bridges physics, biology, chemistry and technology and he is a Fellow of both the Institute of Physics and the Royal Society of Chemistry as well as the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce and a Member of the Institute for Physics and Engineering of Medicine. He is a Visiting Medical Physicist at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford UK.
Abstract
Rapid research and development activities in additive manufacturing (AM) or in particular, 3D printing has led the considerable adoptions in many industries such as aerospace, biomedical, automotive and civil engineering. Identified as a core technology in the 4th industrial revolution, the growth of AM industry has created significant need for a skilled workforce. Furthermore, AM education and professional training are also crucial in disseminating of this technology beyond the conventional manufacturing barriers to its widespread adoption. To address this demand, various educational institutions have undertaken different initiatives to incorporate AM components into the interdisciplinary engineering curriculum. While most of AM training focus on general knowledge and hands-on laboratory training, there is a lack of digital design-led innovation framework, which arguably one of the cores of AM technology. In this work, the authors provide an overview on different AM trainings and education programs offered globally. We also describe our efforts to address this training demand via various undergraduate/graduate courses. These courses employed both problem-based and project-based pedagogies to allow students developing hands-on experience with the technologies of AM while gaining the digital design-led innovation skills.
Biography
Dr Tran's research interests lie at the interface between solid mechanics and materials engineering with the aim to develop novel materials that exhibit paradigm-shifting properties for extreme loading protection that can impact the general field of lightweight structural materials. He has established a research group on 3D printing of smart materials and biomimetic structures achieving various national and international awards. He has authored over 4 book chapters and 100 peer reviewed journal articles. His research has been featured in over 300 online and broadcast stories in mainstream, science and trade-focused media including Reuters, New York Post, Australian Manufacturing, Daily Mail.
Abstract
Mike will go through how Eaton’s Aerospace business went from start to commercially awarded flight components in less than three years. The approach addresses the major challenges faced deploying AM in aerospace including creating a value proposition both internally and externally, the methodology used to select targets, rapid process and material characterization, customer adoption, organizational capability and overcoming a traditional culture.
Biography
Mike is the director of AM for Eaton’s Aerospace group. He has been in this roll since 2016 where he has lead the team to commercialize aerospace AM applications in commercial and military aircraft, space and aftermarket applications. Prior to this, he served as the director of AM for Arconic at their Pittsburgh Technical Center. Mike has held various senior level product and process development roles in both Automotive and Aerospace, including with Ford, Visteon and Arconic. He brings a unique perspective to new technology deployment utilizing his background in product and process development, engineering, and patent law to define new approaches. He holds a mechanical engineering degree from Lawrence Technological University in Southfield Michigan and passed the United States Patent and Trademark Office bar exam in 2000, making him a Registered Patent Agent. Mike is an inventor on 40 U.S. patents. He is married with three children and lives in the Ann Arbor Michigan area.
Abstract
Nozzles play a significant role in the manufacturing of laser cladding machines for several purpose at present era in laser cladding for different applications. They also play an important role in the cladding techniques and methodology for a uniform application of the rapid manufacturing of the metal layer in the desired thickness for various industrial application. Conventional Manufacturing techniques of these nozzles like sand casting, investments casting, die casting, CNC machining, etc. can pose severe drawbacks in terms manufacturing process flaws like porosity and contamination which can quickly lead into damaged parts and higher consumption of the consumables which in turn affects the productivity. Manufacturing the nozzles in a conventional method, consume much time and is not cost-effective. In order to reproduce and avoid longer supply chains, and physical inventory. To reduce the spare part supply chain and maintenance of the Nozzles, this project aimed at reverse engineering some of the existing designs and developing a better and conformal cooling nozzles using CAD software. The pump impeller so designed is printed using metal Laser bed Fusion additive manufacturing techniques.
Keywords : 3D Printing, Metal Additive Manufacturing, laser bed powder fusion, Rapid Prototyping (RP), Nozzles and aluminium
Biography
Abstract
It has long been acknowledged that 3D printing offers environmental benefits, such as less material wastage and higher energy efficiency as compared to conventional manufacturing methods. However, emissions of particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 3D printing processes can pose severe risks to users in the operating environment of the printers. In this presentation, on-site particle concentration levels due to emissions from a wide spectrum of additive manufacturing techniques are presented, including polymer-based material extrusion, metal and polymer-based powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition and ink-based material jetting. The results are compared against air quality standards and suggestions are made for safe and sustainable development of the 3D printing industry.
Biography
Bing Feng Ng is Assistant Professor with the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Nanyang Technological University. He is also Cluster Director (Smart and Sustainable Building Technologies) at Energy Research Institute @ NTU. He received his PhD from Imperial College London, United Kingdom and BEng(Hons) from Nanyang Technological University.
Abstract
Miniaturization techniques have received remarkable interest over the past few decades as they allow for minimal material consumption, superior control over operational conditions, and the possibility to fine-tune the properties of the materials. Among those, microfluidics technologies have emerged as an appealing class paving the way for the miniaturization of fluidic processes for various applications. On the other hand, recent advances in the fabrication of advanced materials have expanded the application of these materials in various fields of science and technology such as biomedical engineering, biochemistry, healthcare, nanotechnology, and sensors. Despite the extensive progress in the synthesis of advanced materials, the majority of studies investigate their fabrication process under equilibrium conditions, where only the thermodynamically stable species can be obtained. This limitation not only is a drawback for the proper understanding of the process but also hampers the effective fabrication of materials with a desired structure and functionality. To tackle this limitation, microfluidic technologies have been shown to be capable of pushing the system toward out-of-equilibrium conditions, which broaden the scope of the advanced materials that can be achieved, which are unattainable using existing conventional methods. Although most of the microfluidic approaches employ polymeric chips, devices made via 3D printing or additive manufacturing have been also shown effective for microfluidic experimentations. These devices benefit from higher resistance against organic solvents, may be fabricated rapidly and reproducibly using 3D printing techniques, and their design can be adjusted easily by simply modifying their drawn design using drawing software.
Biography
Afshin Abrishamkar received his B.Sc. from IUT (Iran), during which he spent an exchange period at CEFET-MG (Brazil), and M.Sc., with distinction, from LUT (Finland). He earned his Ph.D. from ETH Zurich (Switzerland), followed by postdoctoral research at PSL Research University (France) prior to joining McMaster University (Canada) as a postdoctoral fellow. He has been the recipient of several honors/awards including IAESTE Internship Abroad Scholarship (2009), LUT Research Fellowship (2013), Excellence in Studies Award (2014), European Cooperation in Science & Technology Travel Award (2017), Meetings International Young Scientist Award (2020), and 2020 GDR Micro-Nano-Fluidics Young Researcher in Microfluidics Award (2021)
Abstract
3D printing/ Additive manufacturing is considered the next industrial revolution. In order to disrupt the traditional manufacturing processes of metal parts, 3D printing (3DP) has to solve two major problems; 1. Reduce the parts manufacturing time by optimizing the processes. 2. Reduce the waste of materials by developing metal alloys. Post-processing of these parts and materials is an important aspect that will ultimately boost 3DP applicability in industries such as Automobile, Aerospace, Medical, etc.
There is a need for compact, precise and fast processing heat treatment furnaces for post processing. In order to solve this need, we have developed NORMANBELL furnaces in the Chinese market and NORMANTHERM furnaces for the global market of metal 3DP. The main factors to be considered for the selection of best-fit furnaces are; work materials, print bed size, the precision required, strength, and application of the parts. From this presentation, audiences can learn about the need for metal 3D printing heat treatment, different types of furnaces, and their selection process.
Biography
Aliya Rain has completed his masters’ degree in Aerospace Engineering, from Beijing Institute of Technology, China. Since 2020, he has been working as a sales engineer and director of overseas business development at NORMANTHERM, Suzhou Normanbell Materials Technology Co. Ltd., Jiangsu, China. He has published 2 academic research papers, one of them winning the prize of the excellent paper award. Also, he has written several online articles related to metal 3d printing, heat treatment, and vacuum furnaces.
Abstract
The additive manufacturing has found application in the biomedical sector, mainly in the odontoiatric, neurosurgery, ortophedic and craniomaxillofacial ones, where the number of publications has regularly grown over the last few years [Murtezani et al., 2022]. Five major areas for the biomedical application can be identified: medical models (presurgery training [Saceleanu et sl., 2021]), surgical implants, surgical guides, external aids, bio-manufacturing [Tuomi et al., 2014]. 3D printing presents several advantages with respect to the traditional production approaches: shortened operation time, less blood loss, reduced morbidity of surgical interventions, less infection/inflammation occurrence, higher aestethical results,better correspondence between the custom made implant and the defect contours [Al-Moraissi et al., 2015].
Nowadays, despite many promising results from several in vitro and in vivo studies, the gap between the 3D printing scientific research in the biomedical sector and its translation to the clinical practice is still wide [Di Piazza et al., 2021], also due to the complex regulation aspects and the recent EU Regulation on medical devicesand on invitro diagnostics. Two main challenges in developing the next-generation of AM processes can be cited: the improvement in the speed and resolution of AM processes with lower energy consumption, and the development of new 3D printingmaterials with tunable mechanical, chemical, physical properties.
The main 3D printing drawback consists in the high cost of acquisition. However, currently many efforts have been and are aimed at reducing the overall costs, decreasing prices of both the 3DP hardware and of the used materials.
Biography
Ilaria Cacciotti is Full Professor of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering and Materials Science & Technology at University of Rome "Niccolò Cusano". She graduated in Medical Engineering at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” (Master of Science Award ‘Fondazione Raeli’), completed the Ph.D in Materials Engineering (Ph.D Thesis Award ‘Marco Ramoni 2011, Ph.D Thesis AIMAT Award 2012) and obtained the II Level Master degrees in “Forensic Genetics” and in "Protection against CBRNe events". She is expert in the synthesis/processing/characterisation of biocompatible nanostructured materials, particularly for applications in the biomedical/environmental/agri-food sectors. She is member of the Editorial Board of several international journals, including Applied Science-MDPI, Applied Surface Science Advances-Elsevier, Frontiers in Biomaterials, Open Journal of Materials Science- Bentham Science. For her research activity, she received more than 20 awards, incuding the L’ORÉAL-UNESCO Italy for Women and Science 2011.
Abstract
In stereolithographic additive manufacturing (STL-AM), 2-D cross sections were created through photo polymerization by UV laser drawing on spread resin paste including nanoparticles, and 3-D models were sterically printed by layer lamination. The lithography system has been developed to obtain bulky ceramic components with functional geometries. An automatic collimeter was newly equipped with the laser scanner to adjust beam diameter. Fine or coarse beams could realize high resolution or wide area drawings, respectively. As the row material of the 3-D printing, nanometer sized metal and ceramic particles were dispersed into acrylic liquid resins at about 60 % in volume fraction. These materials were mixed and deformed to obtained thixotropic slurry. The resin paste was spread on a glass substrate at 50 μm in layer thickness by a mechanically moved knife edge. An ultraviolet laser beam of 355 nm in wavelength was adjusted at 50 μm in variable diameter and scanned on the spread resin surface. Irradiation power was changed automatically for enough solidification depth for layer bonding. The composite precursors including nanoparticles were dewaxed and sintered in the air atmosphere. In recent investigations, ultraviolet laser lithographic additive manufacturing (UVL-AM) was newly developed as a direct forming process of fine metal or ceramic components. As an additive manufacturing technique, 2-D cross sections were created through dewaxing and sintering by UV laser drawing, and 3-D components were sterically printed by layer laminations with interlayer joining. Though the computer aided smart manufacturing, design and evaluation (Smart MADE), practical materials components were fabricated to modulate energy and material transfers in potential fields between human societies and natural environments as active contributions to Sustainable Development to Goals (SDGs).
Biography
Prof. Soshu Kirihara is a doctor of engineering and a professor of Joining and Welding Research Institute (JWRI), Osaka University, Japan. In his main investigation “Materials Tectonics” for environmental improvements of “Geotechnology”, multi-dimensional structures were successfully fabricated to modulate energy and materials flows effectively. Ceramic and metal components were fabricated directly by smart additive manufacturing, design and evaluation (Smart MADE) using high power ultraviolet laser lithography. Original stereolithography systems were developed, and new start-up company “SK-Fine” was established through academic-industrial collaboration.
Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM) metals are attractive materials in terms of design flexibility and efficiency for the aerospace and medical industries. However, the fatigue properties of AM metals are considerably weak comparing with wrought metals, as the surface of AM metals are very rough due to unmelted particles. To improve fatigue strength of metallic materials, cavitation peening has been developed by author [1]. In cavitation peening, cavitation impacts, which normally cause severe erosion in hydraulic machineries, are utilized for mechanical surface treatment to improve fatigue properties. In the case of a conventional cavitation peening, a high-speed water jet with cavitation, i.e., a cavitating jet, is used to generate cavitation. However, cavitation peening is totally different from water jet peening, in which water column impacts in the jet are used. The other method of cavitation peening is that cavitation is generated by a pulsed laser. When the laser pulse is irradiated to the submerged target, a bubble which behaves a cavitation bubble is produced and its collapse impact is larger than laser ablation impact. In the keynote lecture, the mechanism of cavitation peening is explained, and the effect of cavitation peening on fatigue properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V manufactured by direct metal laser sintering and electron beam melting is also demonstrated, comparing with shot peening.
Biography
Prof. Hitoshi Soyama has completed his PhD from Tohoku University, Japan. He has been working at Tohoku University since 1991, and he was promoted to a professor at 2003. He was awarded as a Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME and a honorary member of Water Jet Technology Society of Japan. He is known for his work in the fields of cavitation and its practical applications such as water treatment and mechanical surface treatment, i.e., cavitation peening. Although cavitation impacts causes severe damage in hydraulic machineries, his research utilized cavitation impacts for enhancement of fatigue properties of metallic materials.
Abstract
Integrative Oncology is an holistic approach used in palliative treatment with active participation from the patient. Hence patients’ awareness and acceptance of the therapy rests largely on the understanding, limitation and home care which are based on Evidence Based Medicine. 3 D Printing a fast emerging technology has tremendous application in Medicine and Dentistry and is largely untapped by health professionals. Patients do not understand Imaging Scans but a 3 D Printed model which shows bones, muscles, major blood vessels, glands and skin and fascia is easy to understand and visualize. Herein lays concealed the existence of its tremendous potential. Reconstruction planning and fabrication by 3d printing are our only easy means. In conclusion a tremendous opportunity for Cancer treatment, visualization, reconstruction and palliative care with enhanced patient compliance is at our beck and call.
Keywords: 3dprinting, cancer, oncology, integrative oncology, innovative technology
Biography
Dr. Bharat M. Mody, Educationist, 3 D Printing consultant, Specialist of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Currently engaged in Medical/Dental 3 D Printing, Designing, Fabricating and Simulations. Have conducted workshops on Evidence Based Education System, Faculty Development and CBCT Software Manipulations. Teaching for 33 years, Dean of two Dental Colleges and Faculty teachers in different colleges. Graduated in 1976, post Graduation in 1981—MDS in Oral Medicine and Radiology.
Abstract
3D printing has become a highly popular phrase in many fields. According to recent studies, new computational technologies and 3D printers have the ability to alter how we construct our surroundings. 3D printing with a concrete-like material is one of the technologies that has made personalization possible. Because of its ability to produce complicated shapes, 3D concrete printing can be a long-term solution.This technology enables the fabrication of and testing with numerous devices required to assess the structure in a timely and cost-effective manner. In this study, the most recent technologies are described, with Contour Crafting being highlighted as a promising approach that has the potential to change the construction sector in the near future. The technology has also showed promise in a variety of fields, but 3D printing in the construction business is still in its early stages. This study looks into the history of this novel method, as well as its possible applications and future prospects. The objective of the paper is to investigate the applications of 3D printing in the building industry sector through newly constructed pioneering examples, research, and discussion of some of the future trends that will make this technology more cost efficient. The findings show that the benefits of 3D printing, such as faster, efficient and more precise construction and lowers labour costs and waste, outweighs the disadvantages associated with this technology.
Biography
Osama Nasir is an undergraduate student at Department of Architecture, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal did his Ph.D. in Architecture on MHRD Fellowship, from Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. His major fields of interest are Environmental Design, Sustainable Architecture, Building Technology, Climate Responsive Architecture etc. Dr. Kamal is presently working as an Associate Professor at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. He has edited 4 Special Topic Volumes related to Sustainable Building Materials, published by Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. He is life time member of Council of Architecture, India and Associate member of Indian Institute of Architects, India. He is also panel member of many International Research Organizations and Professional Bodies.
Abstract
Carbon is one of the basic elements of our planet, and all living species contain carbon, but its pure forms also show unique properties. All-carbon composites are carbon materials reinforced with other carbon materials, typically nanostructures such as carbon nanofibers or nanotubes, and there are many all-carbon materials with useful and unique properties. In particular, hybrids with three-dimensional (3D) structure obtained by a green hydrothermal process are preferred more than those with basic 2D structure due to the large specific surface area offered and the rapid access of electrolyte ions in the unique 3D graphene network.
In this talk, I will talk about the importance and current development of 3D all-carbon hybrids for high-performance photonic and optoelectronic devices. In a comprehensive way, I will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of 3D all-carbon hybrids for photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Biography
Dr. Bayram Gunduz received his bachelor’s degree in Physics from Firat University, Elazig, Turkey, 2001–2005, master degree from Solid State Physics, Firat University, 2005–2007, PhD degree from Solid State Physics, Firat University, 2007–2011. He was the First of the Physics Department for 8 consecutive terms (4 years) and completed the Physics Department as the FIRST of the DEPARTMENT. He was research assistant in Solid State Physics, Mus Alparslan University, Turkey, 2009–2011 and was Assist. Prof. Dr. in Department of Science Education, Mus Alparslan University, 2011–2017. He was an Assoc. Prof. Dr. in the same department and university, 2017-2019. He is currently an Assoc. Prof. Dr. in Malatya Turgut Özal University, since November 2019. His main achievements include organic semiconductors and optoelectronic materials: (i) electrical, optical, photonic and optoelectronic properties; (ii) fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices and and investigation their photophysical properties and applications such as Schottky diode, P–N heterojunction diode, metal–insulator–semiconductor junctions, solar cells, thin-film transistor, photodiode. (B) He has many articles (more than 70) published in SCI, SCI-Exp journals, which have high impact factors and has about 880 citations to his studies.
Abstract
NiTi shape memory alloy has found broad applications in orthopedics and dentistry due to its superelasticity, shape memory effect, high corrosion performance, and biocompatibility. New horizons for biomedical applications of NiTi can be opened by improving its corrosion resistance and surface characteristics. The corrosion resistance and biological characteristics of NiTi can be improved by appropriate pre-treatments, such as mechanical polishing, acid chemical etching followed by immersion in an alkali solution, and heat treatment, followed by the deposition of a nano-HAp layer by sol-gel spin coating. To deposit a highly crystalline nano-HAp coating, the synthesized HAp coatings were calcined in the temperature range 400-600oC and the further investigations were carried out on an optimum coating of HAp calcined at 600oC. Results indicated that the type of pre-treatment influenced the final properties of coated NiTi. While heat-treated NiTi resulted in superior corrosion behavior and in-vitro bioactivity, NiTi treated by acid etching followed by immersion in an alkali solution provided the highest hydrophilicity. The contact angle of water on the HAp-coated, heat treated NiTi was 21% lower than that on mechanically polished NiTi. The HAp coating enhanced the final characteristics of pre-treated NiTi irrespective of the type of pre-treatment. A decrease of 75% in Ni2+ ion release and a 212% increase in polarization resistance for HAp-coated, heat treated NiTi showed its superior corrosion resistance in Ringer's solution at 37oC under static conditions, compared to mechanically polished NiTi.
Keywords: bioactivity; corrosion; hydroxyapatite; NiTi; sol-gel spin coating.
Biography
My name is Naiyer Shokri, and I hold a Master's degree in Material Science and Engineering. Throughout my MSc, the focus had been made on research about advanced and smart materials. This is because I have been an enthusiast of the coating of body implants and the synthesis of biocompatible ceramics. Since childhood, I have always been fascinated with 3D printed objects, and I have been wondering if I would fabricate, one day, a 3D printed object! This created an urge to study all 3D printing and 3D bioprinting applications and the fabrication of soft and hard tissues, primarily through additive manufacturing for saving lives.
Abstract
This work aims to study the mechanical properties of PLA and ABS during recycling cycles by Fused Deposition Modeling/Fused Filament Fabrication (FDM/FFF) as a way of sustainability in additive manufacturing; a literature search of scientific and specialised literature on sustainable additive manufacturing was carried out, taking into account concepts of sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, FDM, recycled thermoplastic polymers and analysis of the results of polymer recycling tests carried out by other authors. The importance and growing need for the recycling of plastics is identified, and their use in the manufacture of parts and prototypes by means of additive manufacturing is increasing every year. An experimental design was carried out for the recycling of these materials, where test pieces were manufactured with virgin filament, then they were crushed and filament was extruded with which test pieces were printed again, the filaments and test pieces were analysed in each cycle carrying out tensile tests, defectology, geometric and weight measurements. From the PLA material recycling experiment, it is obtained that only one recycling cycle is possible, as the filament of a second cycle presents a high degree of degradation, making the material very fragile and brittle, as well as presenting many irregularities in its diameter and protuberances, making it impossible to print. The maximum tension decreases from 35.50MPa to 26.36MPa. ABS keeps its mechanical properties constant so, being a less environmentally friendly material, it can be reused with these processes more easily. Keywords: FFF; recycle; design; sustainable manufacturing; tensile tests
Biography
Ana P. Valerga has completed his PhD from the Department of Mechanical engineering and industrial design, University of Cadiz, Spain. She has been working as a professor of School of engineering in the same University since 2015. She has published papers in reputed journals always related to Additive Manufacturing and reverse engineering. Severo R. Fernandez-Vidal has completed her PhD at the same Department. Since 2010 he works as a professor at the same University and his research is related to conventional and nonconventional manufacturing and sustainability
Abstract
The degradation behavior of two biodegradable thermoplastic materials manufactured by 3D printing, Enviro ABS and PLA, is studied in this work. The action of the sun and sea water has been simulated to discover how they affect the properties of these materials over time. Data have been collected on yield strength, maximum elongation, maximum supported stress, microscopy as well as tracking their dimensions and mass. These biodegradable materials will be studied to conclude if there is an ecological alternative to traditional ABS, being one of the most widely used petroleum-derived plastic in manufacturing by FDM technology. The study consists of eight weeks in which the differences in study properties versus degradation in both media over time are shown. It is observed that PLA shows a loss of weight and increase of the maximum stress in the degradation by sunlight and a prolonged decrease of the maximum stress in the degradation by seawater due to the absorption of humidity; on the other hand, Enviro ABS does not show a noticeable difference between the beginning and the end of the test, which leads to the conclusion that Enviro ABS is a good alternative to conventional ABS without forgetting the environmental effects that are currently involved in the manufacture, recycling and composting of this type of materials. Keywords: FFF; degradation; design; sustainable manufacturing; tensile tests.
Biography
Ana P. Valerga has completed his PhD from the Department of Mechanical engineering and industrial design, University of Cadiz, Spain. She has been working as a professor of School of engineering in the same University since 2015. She has published papers in reputed journals always related to Additive Manufacturing and reverse engineering. Severo R. Fernandez-Vidal has completed her PhD at the same Department. Since 2010 he works as a professor at the same University and his research is related to conventional and nonconventional manufacturing and sustainability
Abstract
Concrete 3D printing (C3DP) is an emerging construction method that has the potential of significantly reducing the production time, overall cost and accidents while building. Mixes compatible with C3DP need to have low viscosity and yield strength before extrusion, however, after the extrusion, the layers need to exhibit high yield strength to attain good buildability. Buildability is defined as the ability of the extruded layers to sustain their weight and weight from the subsequent layers without failure. The required change in the yield strength before and after the extrusion is usually attained by increasing the thixotropy of the material. This is primarily achieved by increasing the cement content of the mix, which reduces the sustainability of C3DP. Meanwhile, geopolymers are alternative binders to cement that utilise waste/eco-friendly materials that are rich in silicates and aluminates. With suitable geopolymer, cement can be completely replaced from the 3D printable mix. My presentation will cover 3D printable geopolymers developed in my PhD study. It involves (1) Printable mixes that are developed by just adding water to the dry constituents, following a similar production method as that of cementitious mixes. (2) Set-on-demand geopolymer mixes that can be utilised to make intricate structures with overhangs. (3) Printable mixes that allow intermediate stoppages and long delays during printing.
Biography
Shravan Muthukrishnan is in the final year of his PhD study at the Swinburne University of Technology. Shravan is developing cement-free mixes for 3D printing applications that exhibit rapid increment in the static yield strength after the extrusion (high buildability). This significantly increases the productivity of C3DP and enables the printing of intricate structures with overhangs. Most of Shravan’s mixes have an open time of 5+ hours before extrusion, ensuring smooth pumpability. Before pursuing PhD, Shravan obtained Masters in Chemical Engineering from the National University of Singapore and have worked with Prof. Kua Harn Wei for 3+ years in sustainable building materials.
“ Will be updated soon...”